Influence of Horizontal Loading in Changing the Ultimate Uplift Bearing Capacity of Monopile Foundation of Offshore Wind Turbine

Throughout their lifespan, monopile foundations supporting offshore wind turbines inevitably experience horizontal loads from waves, winds, and currents, resulting in cumulative deformation. It has been believed that deformation caused by loading weakens the interaction between pile soil, leading to a reduction ultimate uplift bearing capacity of foundation. However, there is scarcity literature investigating this issue, particularly regarding monopiles used turbine installations. Therefore, study aims explore impact cyclic on monopile, focusing pile–soil interaction. To achieve this, series 1 g model tests were conducted rigid embedded silt with varying relative compaction. The test results indicate significantly diminished after experiencing loading, extent closely linked amplitude A semi-empirical developed predict foundation following loading. key findings are as follows: (1) earth pressure active zone gradually decreases an increasing number cycles, while passive experiences slight increase under (2) position rotation center approximately 0.84 times depth at which buried, relationship appears be independent soil density load ratio. (3) variation corresponding can divided into three phases: rapid decline phase, slow stable phase. (4) influenced ratio cycles but does not appear have significant density.